Electrolyte
Quick Definition
Minerals in the body that carry an electric charge and are essential for nerve function, muscle contraction, and hydration balance.
In-Depth Explanation
Electrolytes are minerals that dissolve in body fluids and carry electrical charges. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate, and bicarbonate.
They are critical for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction (including the heart), maintaining pH balance, regulating fluid levels, and supporting bone health. Electrolyte imbalances can range from mild (muscle cramps, fatigue) to severe (cardiac arrhythmias, seizures).
Electrolytes are lost through sweat, urine, and illness (vomiting, diarrhea). Most people get adequate electrolytes from a balanced diet, but supplementation may be needed during intense exercise, extreme heat, or illness. Sports drinks contain electrolytes but often also contain high amounts of sugar.