Gut Microbiome
Quick Definition
The complex community of trillions of microorganisms living in the digestive tract that influences digestion, immunity, and mental health.
In-Depth Explanation
The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms residing in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large intestine. It contains an estimated 500-1,000 different bacterial species.
This microbial ecosystem plays crucial roles in digesting food, producing vitamins (B12, K), training the immune system, protecting against pathogens, and even influencing mood through the gut-brain axis. Research has linked microbiome imbalances (dysbiosis) to conditions including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, and depression.
Factors that shape the microbiome include diet, antibiotics, stress, sleep, and physical activity. A diverse microbiome is generally associated with better health. Probiotics (beneficial bacteria), prebiotics (food for beneficial bacteria), and fermented foods can support microbiome health.